Testing an Ethical Leadership Model in Sport Non-Governmental Organizations

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 1. Department of Sport Science, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Sports Management, Department of Sports Sciences, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.

3 . Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 4. Department of Motor Behaviour and Sport Psychology, Isf. C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test an ethical leadership model in sport non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This was an applied study with a descriptive-correlational research design. The statistical population comprised active members of sport NGOs in eight selected provinces, from which 400 participants were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection instrument was an 80-item questionnaire adapted and arranged based on the qualitative model by Kiyani et al. (2024). The instrument's validity was established through expert opinion and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.86 to 0.91. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that of the 24 hypothesized relationships in the model, 21 were statistically significant. Most relationships exhibited medium to strong effect sizes, and no multicollinearity issues were observed. These findings suggest a substantial confirmation of the tested model in the context of sport NGOs, although the non-significance of three paths revealed motivational complexities within these organizations. By validating a contextualized model, this study highlights the vital role of ethical leadership in enhancing the performance of sport NGOs and provides a practical framework for the development of ethical leaders.

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